Grady Booch corrects Ethan Mollick: SAGE interceptor assignment was human, not automated

Grady_Booch · x · 2026-10-19

Ethan Mollick claimed MIT and IBM's SAGE system 'automatically assigned interceptors and missiles,' letting a computer make management decisions decades ago. Software pioneer Grady Booch publicly pushed back: while threat assessment and intercept computations were computerized in SAGE, interceptor assignment was distinctly and intentionally a human component. A substantive AI-circle exchange over the historical narrative of machine autonomy versus human-in-the-loop decision-making.

Related event: Grady Booch Corrects Mollick: SAGE Kept Humans in the Loop(2 posts)→

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