iamtrask: an LLM is learning to fill in a giant next-token frequency matrix

iamtrask · x · 2026-11-12

AI researcher iamtrask offers a crisp mental model of what LLMs learn: imagine a matrix whose rows are every possible combination of tokens in a million-token context window and whose columns are the frequency distributions of next tokens. Training an LLM, he argues, is essentially learning to fill in that matrix.

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