Marc Andreessen on IBM's 12 layers of management and the 'Big Gray Cloud'

karlwaldman · x · 2026-11-05

A retold anecdote: as an IBM intern, Marc Andreessen was 12 management layers away from the CEO. His point: lies compound with each layer—by twelve, the CEO has no idea what's happening. IBM even had a name for it, the "Big Gray Cloud," the suit-clad entourage that made it impossible for the CEO to talk to anyone doing real work.

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