Meituan LongCat's FVQ makes discrete visual tokens match continuous representations

meituan-longcat · hf · 2026-10-28

A paper from Meituan LongCat with HUST, SJTU, PKU and Tsinghua revisits the assumption that quantization error inherently causes semantic loss in discrete visual tokens. The authors find quantization error unreliable—discrete representations with larger errors can achieve better understanding—and identify effective bit budget as the key determinant. Existing quantizers saturate as codebooks grow, so they propose Factorized Vector Quantization (FVQ), which quantizes complementary fixed-dimensional views of visual features with symmetric parallel codebooks, continuing to improve at larger bit budgets and ultimately matching continuous visual representations in multimodal understanding.

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