France rebuilt its tax code as MLang, a formally verified open-source compiler

fkasummer · x · 2026-10-24

The shared paper, A Modern Compiler for the French Tax Code by Inria, Sorbonne Université and Microsoft Research, describes how France's income tax was computed by a legacy custom language and compiler from 1990 that had become unmaintainable. The team reverse-engineered and formalized it into MLang, an open-source compiler toolchain with formal semantics, validated against DGFiP's private test suite and now officially in production. MLang enables independent reproduction, auditability, and simulation of tax reforms — a case study in formally verifying law-as-code.

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