Hubble: 14 open-source LLMs built to study memorization, with practical takeaways

ChrisGPotts · x · 2026-10-23

Chris Potts credits the Hubble project team for the model suite used in his group's experiments. Hubble is a fully open-source suite for the scientific study of LLM memorization: 8 core models (1B/8B, pretrained on 100B/500B tokens) in standard and perturbed variants show memorization risk depends on sensitive-data frequency relative to corpus size, while 6 more perturbed models show unexposed sensitive data gets forgotten. Best practices: dilute sensitive data with larger corpora and place it earlier in training.

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