Survey maps in-parameter memory methods for LLMs by placement and acquisition time

_reachsumit · x · 2026-10-07

This survey organizes methods that augment LLMs with parametric memory — reusable knowledge stored in parameters or adapters composed into the forward pass at inference. It classifies the landscape along two orthogonal axes (parameter placement: embedding/attention/FFN/hybrid; acquisition time: online vs offline), contrasting with ICL's context-length scaling costs, and outlines open problems in interference, safety, ICL co-design, and recursive self-improvement.

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