Estimate: crudely describing human biology needs 1000x more data than humanity stores

IgorCarron · x · 2026-09-28

A Slavov Lab blog post estimates the data needed to describe human biology: 4×10¹³ cells × 10⁶ molecule types means one snapshot holds 4×10¹⁹ values (200 EB). Accounting for dynamics via hourly sampling yields 5,000 EB per day and 10²⁶ bytes over a lifetime — roughly 1000× all digital data humanity currently stores (10²³ bytes).

This is still crude: localization, molecular interactions, and genotype/lifestyle variability would add many more orders of magnitude. Today's large single-cell studies quantify 10¹⁰ values — about 9 orders of magnitude short of a single snapshot. A raw database-style description of human biology is physically out of reach, so scale alone won't close the gap; commenter Igor Carron notes sparsity must be involved.

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