LLMs as bags of heuristics: composing local rules yields general reasoning

xuanalogue · x · 2026-09-27

The author proposes a CS-flavored metaphor for LLMs: not a "probabilistic database" (which implies memorization) but "kernel smoothing over finite circuits / propositional approximations of general algorithms" — enough for limited abstraction and reasoning.

Understanding LLMs only at the training level (next-token prediction + RL) punts on the internal structure actually learned. The "bags of heuristics & algorithms" framing explains both LLM competencies and failures despite massive training. The author adds that even before reasoning training, fairly general reasoning can emerge from sequentially composing many local heuristics, referencing Mercier & Sperber's view of reason as an intuitive module.

Related event: LLMs as Bags of Contextually Activated Heuristics(3 posts)→

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