Software developer finds first 3D aperiodic monotile, with GPT Astra's help

calabi_and_yau · x · 2026-09-23

Greek software developer Ioannis Tsiokos claims the first 3D aperiodic monotile — dubbed Chair44 and shaped like a chair — found by prompting GPT Astra. The paper went public Sept 16 and mathematicians have verified the proof.

Context: aperiodic tiling needed thousands of tiles in the 1960s, two in the 1970s, one connected "hat" tile in 2D in 2022 (David Smith). Tiling has long welcomed amateurs; this is the 3D chapter, found with AI's help — a notable AI-for-math milestone.

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