Counter to 'Theory Is All You Need': RL and Causal AI Already Design Experiments

maier_ak · x · 2026-09-21

Responding to Felin & Holweg's paper 'Theory Is All You Need' — which focuses on next-token LLMs and claims only humans can run the theory-experiment loop — the author argues that modern AI, including active learning, reinforcement learning, and causal models, already designs experiments, intervenes, and creates new data, challenging the monopoly claim.

Using the Wright brothers' triumph over the consensus that heavier-than-air flight was impossible, the post illustrates the paper's data–belief asymmetry: a belief that defied existing data, paired with theory-driven experiments, generated new data and a breakthrough.

Related event: Researchers Rebut "Theory Is All You Need": AI Can Already Design Experiments(2 posts)→

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