François Fleuret: an elephant-shaped shadow emerges from text but doesn't drive it

francoisfleuret · x · 2026-09-14

In a three-part thread, François Fleuret argues that LLM cognition fundamentally differs from human cognition: the model doesn't carry "in its mind" a conceptualization of where it is or where it wants to go, but constantly revisits everything written so far to sample the next token.

Yet a human-like conceptualization is implicitly there — enough sentences about elephants produce an elephant-shaped shadow. The key point: that shadow emerges from what is written, it does not drive what is written.

Related event: Fleuret: LLMs Differ Fundamentally from Human Cognition(2 posts)→

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