Karpathy: RL is terrible, but we're building ghosts, not animals

RileyRalmuto · x · 2026-09-14

Andrej Karpathy on reinforcement learning: "RL is terrible... it just so happens that everything we had before it was even worse." He argues we're not building animals but "ghosts" — fully digital, ethereal spirit entities representing a fundamentally different kind of intelligence, pushing back on biological analogies for AI.

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