Pretraining on Europe alone beats global data across every task, 10-21 point gap in remote sensing study

anselm · x · 2026-09-12

A controlled study built on SatMAE found that pretraining a geospatial foundation model on a single continent outperforms a globally balanced dataset on every downstream task tested. The team built seven pretraining sets, each with 700,000 Sentinel-2 samples, varying only the source continent (Europe-only, Africa-only, Asia-only, etc.), plus a Global set with equal samples from six continents. Each model was finetuned on four benchmarks: FMoW scene classification, MOSAIKS population density, ForTy landcover segmentation, and the six-task GEO-Bench. Performance gaps between source continents reached 10 to 21 metric points, challenging the "more diversity is better" assumption underlying half the field's sampling strategies.

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