Nanjing University's Specula uses coding agents to auto-generate TLA+ specs, finds 382 deep bugs

jiqizhixin · x · 2026-09-03

Nanjing University presents Specula, which turns coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, Copilot CLI) into formal verification engineers. Agents read a system's code, docs, tests, and commit history; auto-generate TLA+ models and correctness invariants; run model checking; then feed each counterexample back to the real code to reproduce and package it as a test — fully automated, no TLA+ expertise required. As of August 2026, Specula has found 382 deep concurrency bugs across 67 open-source systems and is used by developers at multiple companies and communities, compressing months of expert specification work into hours.

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