First exact learnability result: GNNs can execute graph algorithms like BFS and Bellman–Ford

kfountou · x · 2026-09-03

A new paper, "Learning to Execute Graph Algorithms Exactly with Graph Neural Networks," extends the neural algorithmic reasoning program with the first positive exact learnability result: assuming bounded degree and finite precision, GNNs trained with gradient descent can exactly execute graph algorithms in the LOCAL model, including flooding, BFS, DFS and Bellman–Ford. Training uses only local information.

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