Harvard Proposes Agentic Data Cracking, Cuts Unstructured QA Cost 53% on FanOutQA

Harvard · hf · 2026-09-03

Harvard researchers propose agentic data cracking, a method that lets LLM agents structure unstructured data (PDFs, reports, earnings calls) as a byproduct of reasoning itself, sharply cutting cost.

Problem: agents repeatedly reopen large documents to recover scattered evidence—up to a million tokens per question; over a pre-structured store, FanOutQA reasoning is 28X cheaper, with the gap growing to orders of magnitude as questions fan out.

Method: structuring is adaptive (observed queries decide when and what to extract) and speculative (serving future related questions). When an agent opens a document, a cracking sub-agent forks from the already-loaded context at marginal cost and extracts grounded structure for reuse.

Results: with just one related question added per FanOutQA test question, cracking cuts cost by 53% while preserving accuracy. The authors frame it as a first step toward next-generation data infrastructure for agentic reasoning.

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