Andrew Ng's Multi-Agent Architecture: Reflection and Tool Use Boost Quality
theomitsa · x · 2026-08-07
Summarizing Andrew Ng's recently released 12-page PDF on "Graph Engineering" for multi-agent systems, the post highlights the core thesis: architecture matters more than the model.
The document maps out 4 design patterns from a simple loop to a full graph architecture:
- Reflection: Adding a critic call where the agent reviews its own work against a rubric, yielding a 10-30% quality lift on day one.
- Tool Use: Letting agents execute code, search the web, or query databases to stop hallucinating and start checking.
- Planning: Agents write a structured plan before acting and reroute on their own when a tool fails.
- Multi-Agent: Splitting roles (e.g., coder, reviewer, tester) with different rubrics to collaborate.
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