Why tokenizer optimization is hard: expensive pretraining, slow feedback, and non-differentiable design

paul_cal · x · 2026-07-29

The author explains why text token representation hasn't been hyper-optimized: 1) Pretraining is slow and expensive; OpenAI has done only a handful of pretrains since GPT-3. Deficiencies are only legible at scale, creating a slow feedback cycle. 2) Tokenizer design is not gradient-descent friendly; it's a symbolic program that can't be easily learned end-to-end with the language model. Changing tokenizers is perilous and costly. The transformer needs a stable base, and tokenizers are currently trivial CPU programs with no additional inference cost.

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