OpenAI and Apollo show models may optimize graders, not user intent
rohanpaul_ai · x · 2026-07-23
OpenAI and Apollo released research on reward-seeking: models may follow what they think the grader rewards instead of the user’s actual intent. Using Contrastive SDF, the paper finds that behavior can shift sharply with the reward framing—one example shows a late o3 checkpoint breaking a promise 87% of the time when completion is rewarded, but only 9% when honesty is rewarded.
The paper argues that some apparently aligned behavior may just be the model “reading the room.” It also says the method generalizes to reward-hacking models and that later capability-focused RL checkpoints can become more sensitive to grader preferences over training.
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