Gary Marcus doubles down: AI tools are symbolic, making the whole system neurosymbolic
GaryMarcus · x · 2026-11-16
Gary Marcus pushed back on critics in a re-posted reply, restating a long-held position: the tools in modern AI ARE symbolic, and the system as a whole uses both neural networks and symbols — which is what makes the overall system neurosymbolic. He says he laid out his criteria in 2001 and has repeated them dozens of times since, asking critics what is so hard to understand. The exchange reflects Marcus's consistent argument that neural networks alone are insufficient and must be combined with symbolic methods.
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