Muon-RT swaps momentum for teacher trajectory, cutting memory and beating AdamW by 2.6 points

IITK · hf · 2026-11-05

MUON-RT removes Muon's separate momentum buffers by reusing the EMA teacher-student weight displacement: the displacement is radially removed, spectrally scaled, and mixed with the Newton-Schulz orthogonalized gradient. On SDFT fine-tuning of Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct it improves average accuracy by 2.6 points over AdamW (Tool use +3.6, Science +1.6) while reducing per-GPU memory, with analysis showing the teacher direction is more robust to gradient noise.

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