Lance Fortnow: AI now finds theorem proofs on its own, Optiland arrived five years early

fortnow · x · 2026-11-05

Complexity theorist Lance Fortnow reflects on AI approaching "Optiland" — the goodies of P=NP without breaking cryptography. In 2022 he argued ML couldn't even do basic arithmetic and was far from AI verifying his informal proofs; within five years AI systems not only fill in proof details but find proofs themselves, including a computer-generated formalized proof of Navier-Stokes. He gave up predicting what AI will prove next but still believes P vs NP requires new techniques AI won't invent on its own, and asks: what practical P=NP problems remain that AI and optimization can't already solve?

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