How NVIDIA's instruction scheduling model works: static latencies and scoreboards

mike64_t · x · 2026-11-01

A deep-dive into NVIDIA's instruction scheduling model: IADD sits on the integer pipe with a fixed, knowable latency that ptxas actively asserts on—every cubin in existence relies on it, changing only across SM versions. The whole scheduling model rests on static latencies for certain pipes. Yet some instructions have dynamic latencies: main-memory access triggers long scoreboard stalls or lg throttle behavior, which is exactly why the scoreboard exists—a purely static scheduler can't accommodate dynamic latencies. Codegen doesn't always wait via the scoreboard; it sometimes chooses stalls to guarantee readiness by issue time per the static schedule.

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