Toby Ord: benchmark scaling results can't easily settle the r>1 debate

tobyordoxford · x · 2026-10-21

Toby Ord (Oxford) argues in a thread with Ramez, Tom Davidson and others that building a case for returns r>1 from benchmark scaling results has a huge gap: we have little ability to pin down the function mapping efficiency gains to benchmark scores, so results don't transfer cleanly to real-world scaling.

He suggests treating efficiency gains as a function of benchmark performance that could be super-linear, perhaps even exponential — training and inference efficiency at fixed performance has shown super-linear returns to researcher time — but that doesn't imply real-world performance only scales logarithmically with these inputs.

Related event: Oxford's Toby Ord Warns Benchmark Scaling Results May Not Transfer to Real-World Gains(4 posts)→

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