Spider-Verse's iconic ink lines were made with scikit-learn, says Sony VFX supervisor
lmoroney · x · 2026-10-19
Sony Pictures Imageworks FX supervisor Pav Grochola reveals the hand-drawn ink lines in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse did use machine learning. Procedural rule-based approaches like toon shaders failed to capture artists' natural strokes, so the team trained scikit-learn's GradientBoostingRegressor inside Houdini on 600 artist-drawn lines to predict line work for geometrically predictable areas like noses, ears and hands, then applied it to animation. The behind-the-scenes story is circulating again via a resurfaced clip.
Related event: Spider-Verse Used Machine Learning to Draw Its Signature Ink Lines(2 posts)→
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