NTU's COAP: code replaces LLMs in the robot control loop, hitting 75% on 42 bimanual tasks

liuziwei7 · x · 2026-10-14

Ziwei Liu's NTU team proposes Embodied Turing Machines and Code-Only-as-Policy (COAP): coding agents build and debug a shared Python library offline, while the robot runs plain code online — no VLA, no VLM in the loop. Three RGB cameras plus proprioception feed a NumPy/OpenCV state tracker that stores explicit object poses, grasp state and progress; the policy follows measure → act → verify → recover. On RoboDojo's 42 bimanual tasks the library reaches 75.45% success vs 33.95% for VLA and 36.27% for agentic harnesses, and parallel code branches make recursive self-improvement explicit and fast.

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