No orbits, just probability clouds: exact |psi|^2 isosurfaces of hydrogen wavefunctions
TinfoilTricorn · x · 2026-10-12
A striking visualization shows constant-|ψ|² surfaces (at 0.04 of the maximum) for hydrogen wavefunctions, replacing classical orbits with precise geometric probability clouds: spheres for s states, axial lobes for pz, and rotationally symmetric tori for higher |m| states — all exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation once n, ℓ, and m are fixed.
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