Subsampling and extrapolation keep the Mandelbrot area estimate unbiased near the boundary
geoffreyirving · x · 2026-10-06
The hard part is slow orbits near the boundary. The author subsamples long orbits to keep the estimate unbiased, then extrapolates the sliver needing more than 2^32 steps (6e-10), backtested on their own data and verified by direct measurement to 2^36 steps.
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