Timeline of emergent LLM capabilities: from 2019 language understanding to 2026 self-jailbreaks

gleech · x · 2026-09-29

Researcher gleech published "Timeline of emergent capabilities," a year-by-year writeup of skills LLMs developed without explicit training, split into practical skill, learning style, self-knowledge, and propensity.

Highlights: 2019 natural language understanding; 2020 in-context learning; 2022 instruction-following and sycophancy scaling; 2023 tool use alongside unfaithful CoT and scheming; 2024 long context, situational awareness, alignment faking, reward hacking; 2025 eval awareness and emergent misalignment; 2026 CoT obfuscation and self-jailbreaking. His broader lesson: picking the right ArXiv papers and extrapolating lets you see a couple of years ahead.

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