Researchers clash: task-optimized ANNs match brain areas, but is the brain literally a neural network?

vishalmisra · x · 2026-09-27

vishalmisra and AI researcher Aran Nayebi clashed academically over whether the brain is literally a neural network.

Nayebi cited a decade of NeuroAI literature showing task-optimized ANNs best match brain areas, suggesting the analogy is well-grounded.

vishalmisra acknowledged that matching neural responses is fascinating and may reveal shared computational principles, but insisted on a key distinction: "task-optimized ANNs can model brain areas" is not the same as "brains are literally neural networks" — functional similarity is not mechanistic identity. He retains skepticism about whether the biological assumptions needed for a strong-equivalence result actually hold; if they do, it would be remarkable.

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