Nuclear non-proliferation is the wrong framework for AI governance, argue Horowitz and Kahn

mchorowitz · x · 2026-09-24

Michael C. Horowitz and Lauren A. Kahn push back on Demis Hassabis, Sam Altman and others who cite the IAEA as a model for AI governance. They argue AI, as a general-purpose technology, fundamentally differs from nuclear tech: an IAEA-style framework inflates expectations about controlling model proliferation, over-focuses on weaponization, and distracts from practical, sector-specific governance.

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