Treating LLMs as unreliable dependencies: system design for production AI

_jaydeepkarale · x · 2026-09-24

A reposted recommendation highlights a book connecting classic system design to LLM applications: most LLM material stops at prompts and model choice, which gets you through a POC but not production, where latency, cost, failures, security and unpredictable outputs dominate. The book frames LLMs as an expensive, slow, non-deterministic dependency and prescribes real engineering discipline — gateways, circuit breakers, caching, model routing, evaluation, retrieval pipelines, observability and human review. Case studies include an adaptive learning platform that generates content offline, routes it through human review, and pre-builds personalized lessons. Useful for anyone shipping LLM systems to production.

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