Google's DualSQL Uses Multi-Agent RL for Text-to-SQL, 8B Model Beats Prior 32B Systems

omarsar0 · x · 2026-09-22

DualSQL from Google and colleagues trains Text-to-SQL agents with multi-agent RL: one agent links questions to tables/columns, another writes SQL, both sharing the same model weights and trained in a single run.

Agents can query the database via three tools while reasoning.
To prevent multi-agent RL collapse, the authors add rollout guardrails and a new reward, robust execution match, for more accurate SQL correctness judging.
Trained on only 3,755 examples, DualSQL-4B hits 68.0% execution accuracy on BIRD dev, matching earlier 7B models; DualSQL-8B reaches 71.1%, beating previous single-model systems with 32B parameters.

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Google's DualSQL Uses Multi-Agent RL for Text-to-SQL, 8B Model Beats Prior 32B Systems

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