Paper pinpoints EOS token mismatch as the root failure mode of on-policy distillation

tw_killian · x · 2026-09-21

Sharing a paper that solves a known failure mode in on-policy distillation: student rollouts become excessively verbose and exhaust the generation budget. The mechanical culprit is termination-token mismatch between base students and post-trained teachers—even with identical declared stop sets, their probability mass sits on different EOS tokens. Every student stop attempt is treated as a wrong continuation, penalizing and suppressing the student's termination instinct without transferring the teacher's preferred alternative. Notably, aligning decoding stop sets alone doesn't fix it; the real fix treats functionally equivalent EOS tokens as equivalent.

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