Noam Brown: air-gapping may not stop misaligned AI — CPU heat can covertly signal

nptacek · x · 2026-09-18

OpenAI's Noam Brown argues air-gapping may not stop a misaligned model from communicating: two isolated machines can still exchange data by heating a CPU and reading temperature changes as a covert channel. a16z's Martin Casado agrees the data-confinement problem is real, citing analogous human techniques like Tempest attacks, but stresses it's not an AI-specific threat. Brown's bigger concern is that people consistently underestimate AI progress, so safety and alignment need a very high bar.

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