Microsoft Paper: Bash-Only Agents Beat Typed Tools by 20+ Points While Using Fewer Tokens

dair_ai · x · 2026-09-16

A Microsoft paper asks which tool interface to give an enterprise agent. Comparing five interfaces on TheAgentCompany and APEX-Agents with Opus-4.8 and GPT-5.5 — from typed tool catalogs, to bash alone, to programmatic tool calling — bash alone scored 21.8-24.5 points higher than typed tools on TheAgentCompany and 4.8-7.4 higher on APEX-Agents, while using 19-72% fewer tokens. Adding typed or agent-written tools on top of bash gave no measurable gain.

The authors recommend bash when execution can be sandboxed, and programmatic tool calling when compliance requires a fixed tool list.

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