Aaron Roth: worst-case complexity is a bad argument against building real AI

Aaroth · x · 2026-09-14

TTIC/UPenn theorist Aaron Roth pushes back on using complexity theory to argue that building "true" AI is impossible. He notes that even the simplest ML problem — training a linear classifier to minimize classification error — is NP-hard to approximate, yet worst-case hardness has proven a terrible guide: real-world statistical learning problems of this kind get solved reliably anyway. Applying such impossibility arguments today, he argues, means ignoring the evident success of AI and especially recent reasoning models.

Related event: Aaron Roth Debunks Worst-Case Complexity Arguments Against AI(3 posts)→

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