Developer trains a 1M-param LLM from scratch on a 16GB MacBook M1 with French corpus

Slight_Ad_2894 · reddit · 2026-09-05

A developer shared a project building a tiny LLM from scratch on a 16GB MacBook M1: trained a 1M-parameter neural network with a BPE tokenizer on a French corpus, aiming to understand and teach how LLMs work rather than reach SOTA quality.

The model produces grammatically decent sentences but lacks contextual understanding and can't answer questions well. The author is asking for resources to improve it — typical advice would be that the tiny scale only learns syntax, and scaling up plus fine-tuning on instruction data (or following resources like nanoGPT and Karpathy's "Let's build GPT") is the path forward.

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