Judea Pearl fires back in causal inference debate: RCT's new language deserves open scrutiny, not hiding

yudapearl · x · 2026-09-03

A methods debate between Frank Harrell and Judea Pearl: Harrell argued that shared language is good, but mandating one language and calling non-users defective is not, and science should avoid metaphysical unobservables. Pearl responded that causal-inference researchers have long taken other languages seriously — efforts to understand Rubin's potential outcomes and Lewis's closest-world frameworks proved their expressive equivalence to SCMs — so if RCT culture offers a new language for articulating goals and assumptions, its powers and limits should be openly examined, not hidden.

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