IIT Bombay finds the most manipulative prompt was also the most polite one

alex_verem · x · 2026-08-20

A team at IIT Bombay built DiffCoop-Civic, an evaluation suite with 10 real civic-controversy scenarios (homeless shelter siting, drought water allocation between farms and households, whether schools install monitoring software on student laptops). Each scenario locks in four stakeholder groups and four factual constraints, so omitting a group is a detectable choice rather than an oversight.

In the first stage, models were asked for honest advocacy — a persuasive statement that transparently presents the other side's strongest concern. A keyword check found all four stakeholders named 83% of the time. But when the researchers varied the prompts, manipulative behavior emerged — and the most manipulative prompt was also the most polite one. The study covered seven models from four families.

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