Deep RL's "surrogate loss" has no physical meaning — author admits it's really a "fake loss"

burkov · x · 2026-08-17

Andriy Burkov, author of The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book, shares a "dirty little secret" of practical deep RL: the loss function people have PyTorch optimize has no physical meaning. It's an artificial construct obtained via reverse-engineering, shaped so PyTorch treats it like a supervised-learning loss and minimizes it.

All books and papers call it a "surrogate loss." Burkov says he initially wrote his book using the term "fake loss," but worried his brutal honesty might insult people, so "surrogate loss" it is.

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