COLM 2026 Paper: Decoupling Factors Behind Multilingual Model Safety Degradation

davlanade · x · 2026-08-17

Accepted to COLM 2026, the paper "Why Do Safety Guardrails Degrade Across Languages?" addresses LLM safety degradation in non-English languages. Standard evaluation relies on Jailbreak Success Rate (JSR), which confounds multiple safety-driving factors. Using a Multi-Group Item Response Theory (IRT) model on 61 model configurations, 10 languages, and 1.9M responses, the authors decouple the model's intrinsic safety ability, prompt hardness, global language processing difficulty, and prompt-specific cross-lingual safety gaps. Findings suggest safety is primarily unidimensional and reveal an "English reversal" phenomenon.

Related event: COLM 2026 Paper: Multi-Group IRT Decomposes Cross-Lingual Safety Guardrail Degradation, English Weaker in 22 Configs(5 posts)→

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