From GPT-2 to Kimi3: A Deep Dive into LLM Architecture Evolution

iamrobotbear · x · 2026-08-10

This article and accompanying documentary video review the architectural evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) from GPT-2 to Kimi3.

• Scale Explosion: The author highlights that Kimi3 is equivalent to 22,580 GPT-2 models from 2019, illustrating a staggering scale-up factor over seven years.
• Technical Breakdown: It deeply dissects fundamental concepts like tokens, embeddings, the residual stream, attention, and KV caching, while tracing the path through advanced architectures such as linear attention, the Delta rule, KDA, MLA, and sparse expert routing.
• Industry Contributions: The video was created using Codex and GPT-5.6 for brainstorming and coding, highlighting important contributions from Google, OpenAI, Moonshot, and others.

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