2D-RoPE helps frontier language models copy long strings far more reliably

rohanpaul_ai · x · 2026-07-27

Frontier language models can handle advanced reasoning but still fail at a much simpler task: copying long, repetitive strings exactly.

The paper argues that standard 1D RoPE makes copying harder as sequences get longer because the needed token offset changes with length. It proposes 2D-RoPE, which lays text out as a 2D grid with row and column IDs so corresponding tokens align in the same column.

Key results:

The authors note the method still depends on line breaks, so it is not yet a universal fix.

Related event: 1D-RoPE Flaw Causes Frontier LLMs to Fail at Long String Copying(2 posts)→

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