Copper Interconnects May Limit Scale-Up Expansion

tengyanAI · x · 2026-07-14

Copper interconnects have a very short range, and the author believes they face a hard physical limit, with signals significantly degrading after just a few meters.

If accurate, this means that before NPO/CPO truly scales, scale-up interconnects will remain restricted to a rack height of one or two layers. Cited opinions suggest that mass production for CPO might be delayed until 2029 due to gaps in yield and design. Consequently, copper interconnects will delay this tipping point even further, meaning $NVDA and $TSM will remain exposed to this CPO bottleneck for an extended period.

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